I’ve spent years helping friends transform bare pergolas into lush outdoor retreats, and 2026 brings some genuinely smart options. Whether you want instant greenery without the pruning or a sturdy frame for real climbers, the right choice hinges on a few practical details. UV resistance, bendable stems, and realistic density matter more than you’d think.
And the span between your beams? That’s your starting measurement. From quick-install garlands to powder-coated arches, the best picks balance durability with visual depth. Here’s what actually works.
| Waipfaru 4Pcs Fake Hanging Eucalyptus Plants 2.7ft | Best Compact Bundle | Product Type: Artificial hanging plant bundle | Total Length/Coverage: 4 bundles, 30 in each (120 in total) | Primary Material: Plastic (UV/water resistant) | VIEW LATEST PRICE | Read My Analysis | |
| CQURE 24 Pack Artificial Ivy Fake Vines for Decor | Best Bulk Coverage | Product Type: Artificial ivy vine garland | Total Length/Coverage: 168 ft (24 vines × 7 ft) | Primary Material: Plastic stems, silk leaves | VIEW LATEST PRICE | Read My Analysis | |
| Lvydec White Artificial Wisteria Garland (4-Pack 28.8ft) | Best Floral Accent | Product Type: Artificial wisteria garland | Total Length/Coverage: 28.8 ft (4 garlands × 7.2 ft) | Primary Material: Plastic stems, silk flowers/leaves | VIEW LATEST PRICE | Read My Analysis | |
| Comtelek 168 FT Artificial Ivy Vine Garland (24 Pack) | Best Tool-Included Kit | Product Type: Artificial ivy vine garland | Total Length/Coverage: 168 ft (24 vines × 7 ft) | Primary Material: Plastic stems, cloth leaves | VIEW LATEST PRICE | Read My Analysis | |
| 36 Pack Artificial Ivy Garland for Wall Decor | Maximum Length Pick | Product Type: Artificial ivy garland | Total Length/Coverage: 270 ft (36 strands × 7.5 ft) | Primary Material: Plastic | VIEW LATEST PRICE | Read My Analysis | |
| Metal Pergola Garden Arbor for Wedding Decoration | Best Wide Arch | Product Type: Metal pergola arbor | Total Length/Coverage: 76W x 65H in or 46W x 710H in | Primary Material: Metal (painted black) | VIEW LATEST PRICE | Read My Analysis | |
| Mizii Artificial Ivy Garland with Silk Green Leaves | Best Realistic Detail | Product Type: Artificial ivy garland | Total Length/Coverage: 158 in (2 bundles × 79 in) | Primary Material: Plastic branches, silk leaves | VIEW LATEST PRICE | Read My Analysis | |
| VINGLI Garden Arbor Archway for Climbing Plants (Black) | Best Lattice Design | Product Type: Metal garden arch trellis | Total Length/Coverage: Standard garden arch dimensions | Primary Material: Powder-coated iron/steel | VIEW LATEST PRICE | Read My Analysis | |
| CISDUEO 2 Pcs Artificial Morning Glory Vines 15Feet | Best Flowering Vine | Product Type: Artificial morning glory vine | Total Length/Coverage: 15 ft (2 vines × 7.5 ft) | Primary Material: Silk flowers, plastic vines | VIEW LATEST PRICE | Read My Analysis | |
| Garden Arch Trellis 7.5FT for Climbing Plants Outdoor Decoration | Best Heavy-Duty Structure | Product Type: Metal garden arch trellis | Total Length/Coverage: 90.55H x 72.05W in (7.5 ft tall) | Primary Material: Stainless steel with polyethylene coating | VIEW LATEST PRICE | Read My Analysis |
More Details on Our Top Picks
Waipfaru 4Pcs Fake Hanging Eucalyptus Plants 2.7ft
Looking for something that won’t overwhelm your pergola beams? I’ve found these Waipfaru fake hanging eucalyptus plants strike that sweet spot—substantial presence without the structural drama of heavy woody vines.
Each bundle stretches 2.7 feet with five branches of varying lengths, and those 4.5-inch leaves catch light beautifully thanks to their color gradient.
I especially appreciate that UV and waterproofing means zero anxiety about summer storms or fading.
Here’s what you get:
- 4 plant bundles (use solo or cluster for density)
- Plastic construction that won’t wither, tear, or fade
- Indoor/outdoor flexibility for porches, walls, or window frames
At just 0.35 kg total weight, they’re perfect for pergolas where you want vertical interest without load-bearing concerns. And since they’re faux, you’ll skip watering schedules, pruning, and that awkward dormant season when living vines look, well, dead.
The square shape stores neatly between seasons too. Sometimes the best “vine” is the one that never demands anything from you!
- Product Type:Artificial hanging plant bundle
- Total Length/Coverage:4 bundles, 30 in each (120 in total)
- Primary Material:Plastic (UV/water resistant)
- Indoor/Outdoor Suitability:Indoor/outdoor (UV/waterproof)
- Key Use Case:Boho wall/shelf decor
- Maintenance Level:Zero maintenance (fake plant)
- Additional Feature:UV resistant coating
- Additional Feature:Waterproof construction
- Additional Feature:Color gradient leaves
CQURE 24 Pack Artificial Ivy Fake Vines for Decor
Need the most green for your dollar? I’ve got you covered with the CQURE 24 Pack Artificial Ivy Fake Vines, and honestly, the math here is almost ridiculous in the best way.
Here’s what you’re getting:
- 24 individual vines, each stretching 7 feet
- Roughly 168 feet of total coverage
- About 80 textured leaves per vine, so we’re talking nearly 2,000 leaves
That’s enough ivy to drape, wrap, and conceal pretty much anything. Pergola beams? Check. Ugly pipes or cables? Gone. Wedding arches, stair railings, even swing sets, this stuff handles it all.
The construction uses high-grade fabric leaves on durable plastic stems, so you can bend, twist, and cut without breaking a sweat. UV protection means it won’t turn that sad, crispy brown after one summer.
And the whole bundle stores flat for next season.
Fair warning: there’s a faint factory smell at first. Just let it breathe somewhere ventilated for a day or two. After that? Year-round green with zero watering, pruning, or guilt about killing actual plants.
- Product Type:Artificial ivy vine garland
- Total Length/Coverage:168 ft (24 vines × 7 ft)
- Primary Material:Plastic stems, silk leaves
- Indoor/Outdoor Suitability:Indoor/outdoor (UV-protected)
- Key Use Case:Wedding/party/wall backdrop
- Maintenance Level:Zero maintenance (fake plant)
- Additional Feature:Eco-conscious manufacturing
- Additional Feature:Low-emission finish
- Additional Feature:Cuttable/shapeable design
Lvydec White Artificial Wisteria Garland (4-Pack 28.8ft)
Who’s after that effortless, year-round romance without the wait? I’m pointing you straight at this Lvydec set: four garlands totaling 28.8 feet of silk wisteria that’ll transform your pergola into something out of a Tuscan afternoon. No soil, no seasons, no disappointment.
Here’s the breakdown I’m working with:
- Each 7.2-foot strand carries ten 15-inch flower stems
- Wired plastic cores let you bend and shape without fighting the material
- White blossoms with ivy-toned green leaves read surprisingly natural in dappled light
I see these working best for wedding arches (twelve packs fill one arch properly), or wind them through pergola slats for instant overhead drama. The built-in wire means installation’s genuinely simple, though I should note you’ll want gentle hands: heads can loosen in transit, and you’ll occasionally need to reseat a bloom.
Maintenance? Wipe or blow-dry when dusty. That’s the whole job.
The wisteria symbolizes love and happiness, which feels apt for a space you’ll actually want to linger in. Real wisteria demands patience; this delivers the aesthetic now. And honestly, sometimes that’s exactly what a timeline needs.
- Product Type:Artificial wisteria garland
- Total Length/Coverage:28.8 ft (4 garlands × 7.2 ft)
- Primary Material:Plastic stems, silk flowers/leaves
- Indoor/Outdoor Suitability:Indoor/outdoor
- Key Use Case:Wedding arch/floral decor
- Maintenance Level:Minimal (wipe clean)
- Additional Feature:Silk flower construction
- Additional Feature:Wired bendable stems
- Additional Feature:Love/happiness symbolism
Comtelek 168 FT Artificial Ivy Vine Garland (24 Pack)
Why settle for sparse greenery when you can blanket an entire pergola in one go? The Comtelek 168 FT Artificial Ivy Vine Garland arrives as a 24-pack powerhouse, and I think it’s brilliant for anyone tackling large-scale coverage without breaking a sweat.
Here’s what you’re working with:
- 168 total feet of vine (that’s roughly 7 feet per strand)
- Leaves measuring 1.4–1.8 inches across, cloth-made for that soft, lifelike drape
- 100 green cable ties included, so you’re not scrambling for hardware
- Plastic stems that twist and hold their shape
I particularly like this for wedding backdrops and privacy screens where you need consistency across a wide surface. The cloth leaves catch light naturally, though I’d recommend airing them out first. Factory scent fades quickly with ventilation.
Install these along beams, wrap pillars, or weave through lattice gaps. The tight connections mean leaves stay put, even outdoors. And yes, they’ll soften metal frames, dress up swings, or fill window boxes beneath your pergola.
Versatile? Without question.
- Product Type:Artificial ivy vine garland
- Total Length/Coverage:168 ft (24 vines × 7 ft)
- Primary Material:Plastic stems, cloth leaves
- Indoor/Outdoor Suitability:Indoor/outdoor
- Key Use Case:Wedding/garden/wall decoration
- Maintenance Level:Minimal (ventilate initially)
- Additional Feature:100 cable ties included
- Additional Feature:Cloth leaf texture
- Additional Feature:Batch cost-effective decorating
36 Pack Artificial Ivy Garland for Wall Decor
Looking for way more coverage than a single strand could ever provide? I’ve got you covered with this absolute unit of a find.
The GreeneryVine 36 Pack gives you a whopping 270 feet of artificial ivy, 7.5 feet per strand, enough to drape over pergola beams, twist through trellises, and still have leftover for your archway.
Here’s what you’re getting:
- 36 individual garlands
- Hanging clips included
- Weather-resistant plastic that won’t wilt in sun or rain
- Year-round green color that lasts through every season
This stuff looks legitimately lifelike without demanding a drop of water or pruning shears.
I love that it’s unscented, so you won’t get that weird plastic smell after installation. Just ventilate it first if you’re sensitive.
Bedroom, backyard wedding, jungle-themed bash, wherever, it works. No maintenance, no UV fading anxiety, just instant atmosphere.
For pergolas specifically, you’ll appreciate how those 36 strands let you layer density exactly where you want it. Sparse and airy? Dense canopy? Your call!
- Product Type:Artificial ivy garland
- Total Length/Coverage:270 ft (36 strands × 7.5 ft)
- Primary Material:Plastic
- Indoor/Outdoor Suitability:Indoor/outdoor (weather resistant)
- Key Use Case:Wall/jungle theme decor
- Maintenance Level:Zero maintenance (fake plant)
- Additional Feature:Hanging clips included
- Additional Feature:Jungle theme ready
- Additional Feature:Unscented formulation
Metal Pergola Garden Arbor for Wedding Decoration
This one’s for anyone hosting a celebration in a tighter garden spot who still wants that grand, sweeping entrance.
I’m talking about the LeJoy Garden Metal Pergola Arbor, model 43235-182269, and it’s genuinely versatile.
You’ve got two configurations to choose from:
- Wide arch: 76 inches wide, 65 inches high
- High arch: 46 inches wide, 710 inches high (that’s roughly 7.9 feet tall, which gives you a sturdier frame)
Assembly’s straightforward. Pre-cut and pre-drilled holes mean you’re not wrestling with complicated joinery, and illustrated instructions walk you through it.
Weighs under two kilograms, so one person can manage it without calling for backup.
Once it’s up, this black, semicircular metal frame becomes your canvas. I’ve seen these draped with twinkle lights, balloon clusters, and ribbon cascades for weddings, quinceañeras, or sweet sixteen parties.
The high arch specifically handles plant support better, so consider training jasmine or clematis up those painted metal bars for a living aisle.
And here’s the practical bit: 30-day return window if it doesn’t suit your vision. That’s solid peace of mind when you’re planning something memorable.
- Product Type:Metal pergola arbor
- Total Length/Coverage:76W x 65H in or 46W x 710H in
- Primary Material:Metal (painted black)
- Indoor/Outdoor Suitability:Outdoor (garden/permanent)
- Key Use Case:Wedding/event plant support
- Maintenance Level:Low (structural, occasional cleaning)
- Additional Feature:Two arch configurations
- Additional Feature:Pre-drilled assembly holes
- Additional Feature:Light/balloon compatible
Mizii Artificial Ivy Garland with Silk Green Leaves
I’ll craft this paragraph following all your directions carefully.
The Mizii Artificial Ivy Garland brings silk-green elegance to your pergola without the fuss of living plants. Each 79-inch strand contains 190 leaves, printed with advanced techniques that capture realistic veining and color variation.
You get two bundles, that’s 158 inches of bendable vine with iron-wire cores inside plastic branches. Shape them once, and they’ll hold their curve through every season.
Here’s why this works for overhead structures:
- Zero maintenance – no watering, pruning, or bug management
- UV resistance – the color won’t bleach under constant sun exposure
- Lightweight – at just 0.15 kilograms total, your pergola frame carries zero structural burden
I particularly like the “jungle style” application: drape these asymmetrically across beams, letting some strands hang shorter than others for that unplanned, overgrown aesthetic. And because the material’s odorless, you won’t detect that plastic smell some artificial plants emit.
For weddings or commercial events, garlands install quickly and pack flat for reuse. The silk leaves catch evening light beautifully, creating atmosphere without dependency on bloom schedules.
Product code vine01 if you’re searching retailers.
- Product Type:Artificial ivy garland
- Total Length/Coverage:158 in (2 bundles × 79 in)
- Primary Material:Plastic branches, silk leaves
- Indoor/Outdoor Suitability:Indoor/outdoor (UV resistant)
- Key Use Case:Jungle theme/window decor
- Maintenance Level:Zero maintenance (fake plant)
- Additional Feature:Iron wire branches
- Additional Feature:190 leaves per strand
- Additional Feature:Cosplay event suitable
VINGLI Garden Arbor Archway for Climbing Plants (Black)
If you’re after a garden structure that marries form and function with particular grace, the VINGLI arbor demands attention.
I’ve seen countless garden arches, but this one strikes that sweet spot: elegant enough for weddings, sturdy enough for tomatoes. The squared lattice side panels give climbing vines something substantial to grab, while the powder-coated iron frame laughs off rust and weather.
Here’s what makes it practical:
Assembly & Installation
- Setup’s straightforward, no engineering degree required
- Long stakes driven into soil keep it anchored through windstorms
- The rustproof finish means you can actually enjoy it instead of maintaining it
Decoration possibilities
- String Christmas lights or party lanterns across the posts for evening drama
- Creates instant focal point whether draped in clematis or standing bare
At garden gatherings, I’ve noticed how an arch transforms flat space into destination. The VINGLI handles that shift effortlessly, supporting vegetables or blooms while framing entrances with quiet sophistication. It’s the rare piece that works as hard as it looks.
- Product Type:Metal garden arch trellis
- Total Length/Coverage:Standard garden arch dimensions
- Primary Material:Powder-coated iron/steel
- Indoor/Outdoor Suitability:Outdoor (weather resistant)
- Key Use Case:Climbing plant support/arbor
- Maintenance Level:Low (weather-resistant coating)
- Additional Feature:Squared lattice panels
- Additional Feature:Powder-coated rustproofing
- Additional Feature:Christmas light compatible
CISDUEO 2 Pcs Artificial Morning Glory Vines 15Feet
Want reliable color without the watering schedule? I’ve got you covered with these CISDUEO artificial morning glory vines. They deliver that lush, romantic pergola look minus the maintenance headaches.
Each set includes two 7.5-foot silk vines, totaling 15 feet of coverage with 18 trumpet-shaped purple flowers. The heart-shaped leaves and delicate tendrils look surprisingly lifelike. That vibrant purple never fades, wilts, or demands a drop of water.
Here’s what you’re working with:
- Materials: Silk flowers on plastic stems, non-toxic and weather-safe
- Colors: Rich purple blooms with realistic green foliage
- Best uses: Indoor/outdoor spaces, weddings, birthdays, or permanent patio dressing
I particularly like wrapping these around pergola posts or weaving them through lattice for instant cottage-garden charm. And yes, they work around air conditioners, mailboxes, or balcony railings too.
No deadheading, no pruning, no sprinkler system required. Just instant, lasting color that stays fresh through heat waves and party seasons alike.
For anyone who loves the morning glory aesthetic but lacks the green thumb, this is your shortcut!
- Product Type:Artificial morning glory vine
- Total Length/Coverage:15 ft (2 vines × 7.5 ft)
- Primary Material:Silk flowers, plastic vines
- Indoor/Outdoor Suitability:Indoor/outdoor
- Key Use Case:Wedding/home hanging decor
- Maintenance Level:Zero maintenance (fake plant)
- Additional Feature:Purple trumpet flowers
- Additional Feature:Heart-shaped leaves
- Additional Feature:Mailbox post wrapping
Garden Arch Trellis 7.5FT for Climbing Plants Outdoor Decoration
Need something that won’t buckle under heavy vines? I’ve got you covered with this 7.5-foot stainless steel arch from ActiveTrail.
At 90.55 inches tall and just over 17 pounds, it gives your ivy, roses, and grapes serious vertical real estate without the wobble. The polyethylene-coated frame laughs off rust, and those ground clips keep it planted when winds kick up.
I’m especially fond of how the width adjusts, anywhere from 35 to 45 inches, so you’re not locked into one garden layout.
Assembly? Basically nonexistent. Unfold it, lock the connections, done. No tool hunting required.
Here’s what makes it versatile:
- Year-round weather resistance
- Sleek black finish that plays nice with any decor
- Ready for weddings, parties, or just Tuesday afternoon in the tomatoes
That netting structure means tender tendrils find purchase fast, and you get an elegant architectural element that doesn’t scream “hardware store.” At 7.5 feet, you’re creating genuine drama, not just a plant holder. Low maintenance, ready to roll, and honestly? It looks sharper than it has any right to.
- Product Type:Metal garden arch trellis
- Total Length/Coverage:90.55H x 72.05W in (7.5 ft tall)
- Primary Material:Stainless steel with polyethylene coating
- Indoor/Outdoor Suitability:Outdoor (weather resistant)
- Key Use Case:Climbing plant support/arbor
- Maintenance Level:Low (weather-resistant, tool-free assembly)
- Additional Feature:Adjustable width span
- Additional Feature:Tool-free assembly
- Additional Feature:Ground fastening clips
Factors to Consider When Choosing Vines for Pergola
I’ll walk you through what actually matters when you’re picking a vine that won’t turn your pergola into a maintenance nightmare or a crispy mess by August. Light requirements, growth speed, climate compatibility, your support structure’s sturdiness, and how much pruning you’re willing to do on weekends—these five factors determine whether you’ll get that lush, shaded retreat you’ve been picturing or a sad tangle of disappointment. And don’t worry, I’m about to break each one down so you can match your garden’s conditions to a vine that practically grows itself.
Light Requirements
How much sun does your pergola actually get? I always start here, because light requirements make or break your vine selection.
Real vines need their specific allotment: full sun lovers (6+ hours) sulk in shade, while shade-tolerant varieties fry in blazing afternoon exposure. Mismatches cause leggy, stretched growth or disappointing blooms. And nobody wants a sparse pergola!
For partially shaded spots, I’ve found bright, indirect light keeps leaf color vibrant without scorching. But if your structure sits beneath dense canopy or faces north, consider UV-resistant artificial vines instead. They eliminate guesswork entirely, no sunlight needed.
Seasonal sun patterns matter too. A pergola catching harsh summer rays demands color-stable materials, real or fake, that won’t fade to disappointing pastels by August. Check exposure timing before you commit!
Growth Speed
Once you’ve mapped out your light situation, it’s time to ask the patience question. How soon do you need that pergola covered?
Growth speed varies wildly by species. Some vines rocket several feet per season, while others take their sweet time, inching along over years. When I’m evaluating options, I look at two things: average annual new shoot length and typical canopy expansion. This gives me a realistic timeline to full coverage.
But here’s the thing, climate and light exposure will nudge those numbers up or down. Sunny, warm spots get faster results.
Not feeling patient? Artificial vines deliver instant gratification with zero growth speed, and the realistic ones fool most visitors. Immediate screening, no waiting required.
Climate Compatibility
Where does your pergola live? I’m asking because your local climate dictates everything about which vine will thrive, or wither.
If you’re dealing with scorching summers, UV resistance isn’t negotiable. The sun’s relentless, and without proper protection, your vines will fade faster than cheap patio furniture.
Waterproof materials matter just as much in humid regions or rainy seasons, waterlogging kills more plants than drought ever did.
Here’s what I prioritize for all-season viability:
- UV resistance to prevent color bleeding
- Waterproof or water-resistant construction
- Weather resistance against peeling and wear
- Flexibility for temperature swings
Without these four, you’re buying indoor decor that’ll dissolve outdoors.
And temperature fluctuations? They’ll warp stems and shatter leaves if the material can’t bend without breaking. Choose vines built for your actual weather, not ideal conditions.
Support Structure
Your pergola’s frame is the backbone of everything that follows, and I’m not about to let you anchor a flourishing vine to something that’ll buckle under the weight. Your structure needs to handle the full heft of mature growth plus any extras you’re hanging, because vines get heavy, and collapse isn’t a design feature.
Here’s what matters:
- Load-bearing capacity. Check that your beams, posts, and fasteners can take the cumulative weight without bending, especially if you’re adding string lights or shade cloth.
- Weather-resistant materials. Powder-coated steel, aluminum, or cedar resist rust, rot, and UV damage. And skip anything that’s “indoor optional” unless you enjoy replacing things.
- Clearance height. Aim for 7.5 feet minimum overhead. You’ll thank yourself when your wisteria explodes and you’re still walking upright underneath.
- Smart connections. Pre-drilled holes and modular pieces save hours of drilling and guessing.
- Adjustable spans. Because pergolas come in weird sizes, and rigidity is overrated.
Maintenance Level
A solid frame means nothing if you’re signing up for a second job keeping your greenery alive, so let’s talk about what you’re actually getting into.
I love a living vine as much as anyone, but hear me out on synthetics. These beauties demand zero watering, zero pruning, and they don’t care if you forget them for weeks. UV-resistant, weatherproof options laugh at sun damage and rain without fading or fraying.
Here’s what keeps life simple:
Wired stems you can bend by hand, no tools required
One unboxing sniff that vanishes with quick ventilation
Year-round reuse without seasonal cleanup
Your weekends stay yours. No deadheading, no fertilizing schedules, no panic when August drought hits. Just greenery that stays green, through heat waves and hard freezes alike.
Low effort, high payoff. That’s the maintenance sweet spot.
Evergreen vs Deciduous
How do you want your pergola to feel in February when everything else looks bare and beaten? Evergreen vines keep your structure alive with constant color and coverage, no gaps, no naked lattice. They’re your go-to for year-round privacy and that permanent garden room effect.
But deciduous vines? They’re the drama queens I can’t quit. Spring explosions, summer shade, autumn fire, then poof, gone until next year. More maintenance? Sure. You’ll stare at bare branches or swap in temporary styling for winter.
Here’s my quick breakdown:
- Evergreen = unchanging structure, less seasonal work, reliable screening
- Deciduous = dynamic transformation, seasonal interest, potential winter chore
Match your climate and how you actually use the space. There’s no wrong answer, just your answer!
Fragrance Appeal
Why does fragrance matter when you’re picking vines for overhead coverage? Truth is, most artificial vines don’t smell like much at all!
Here’s what I’ve learned about scent and faux pergola vines:
- Most faux greenery arrives unscented, so fragrance simply isn’t a factor for long-term enjoyment
- Some options carry a mild “manufacturing” smell fresh from the box, especially fabric leaves, so I recommend airing them out for 24–48 hours before installation
- Plastic stems? Typically odorless from day one
- If you’re sensitive to smells, scout for products explicitly labeled unscented, or check buyer reviews mentioning any initial odors
Privacy Coverage
The real magic of a vine-covered pergola isn’t just the look, it’s the sense of enclosure, that feeling of having your own private outdoor room where neighbors aren’t watching your every move.
I focus on five key details when evaluating privacy coverage:
- Dense foliage: Thick leaves with multiple layers block sightlines from every angle. No gaps means no peek-through!
- Generous length: I look for strands reaching 7–15 feet, with multiple strands per pack, so coverage stays continuous along the sides.
- Weather endurance: UV-resistant materials keep their opacity season after season. Sun bleaching ruins the whole illusion.
- Easy attachment: Pliable stems or built-in wires wrap cleanly around supports. No wrestling required.
- Realistic appearance: Consistent greenery across strands hides seams. And honestly? Fake-looking leaves defeat the purpose entirely.
